According to Decrypt, IBM experts warn that the rise of quantum computing poses a more urgent challenge to encrypted communication software outside of Bitcoin, such as Signal and Threema. Experts point out that while the quantum threat to Bitcoin is often discussed, the "collect first, decrypt later" attack risk faced by communication software is more direct, as attackers can intercept and store encrypted messages now and decrypt them once the technology matures in the future. In contrast, the Bitcoin network can upgrade by integrating quantum-resistant signature schemes to defend against signature forgery risks. Currently, Signal has launched the PQXDH protocol upgrade, and Threema is also working with IBM to integrate the NIST standard ML-KEM algorithm to achieve quantum resistance.