Smart contracts deliver deterministic execution, but here's the catch: blockchains operate in isolated silos. This fundamental tension has quietly steered DeFi architecture, gaming infrastructure, and broader protocol design for years.

The reality is stark. You can build trustless systems with ironclad logic—but only within a single chain's sandbox. Cross-chain communication? That's where things get messy. Different security models, different finality assumptions, different risk profiles.

This fragmentation forces developers into uncomfortable tradeoffs: sacrifice composability for security, or accept additional trust assumptions to unlock interoperability. Projects are now tackling this head-on by enabling native cross-chain execution without requiring wrapped assets or intermediary protocols. The result? Smart contracts that maintain their deterministic guarantees while actually operating across multiple blockchains.