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On the surface, open validation—what's the reality? Just look at Dusk's node distribution and you'll understand.
By the end of this year, the top five validation nodes account for over 60% of block production—these nodes are mostly compliant tech companies and licensed institutions approved by the foundation in Europe. The participation threshold is very high: strict KYC is required. In plain terms, this is "permissioned consensus." Even if the code is open source, the admission rules are already set in stone.
The problem is: this model neither delivers what Web3 wants nor meets the needs of traditional finance.
On one hand, centralized risks do exist. If one of these institutions refuses to include certain transactions (for example, funds involving sanctioned regions) due to regulatory pressure, the entire network lacks checks and balances. If key nodes fail collectively, the system could come to a halt—this is not hypothetical; it's an inherent vulnerability in the architecture.
On the other hand, its efficiency is inferior to consortium blockchains. Dusk's design is essentially no different from consortium chains like Hyperledger Fabric—both are open source, closed access, and managed by institutional entities. Rather than a decentralized network, it's more like a dedicated infrastructure disguised as a blockchain.
The original vision of the Dusk Foundation was indeed clear: to enable the legal circulation of digital securities under the MiCA framework, designing features like XSC privacy contracts, selective transparency, and fiat-friendly gas—these seemed quite forward-looking in 2024. But now, the problem is that it’s losing trust on both sides—Web3 communities feel betrayed of their ideals, while traditional finance finds it inefficient. This compliant island is starting to feel like a no-entry zone.