2D NAND 快閃記憶體供應危機持續發酵,市場傳出聯華電子 (2303) 有望接手 SLC 與 MLC Flash 晶圓代工訂單,消息帶動股價在短短五個交易日大漲近三成。然而,業界人士向《DIGITIMES》透露,聯電面臨人才、技術、設備「三缺」困境,短期內恐面臨卡關。
2D NAND 爆缺貨危機,聯電接手代工訂單?
隨著三星 (Samsung)、鎧俠 (Kioxia) 等國際記憶體大廠相繼將資源集中轉移至 3D NAND,2D NAND 的供應缺口迅速擴大,帶動 SLC 與 MLC NAND 舊製程產品價格急速攀升,部分品項漲幅將近十倍,漲速超越 DRAM。下游業者更透露,MLC NAND 報價光 4 月至今就上調了 30%。
(記憶體漲勢趨緩?機構評估 Q2 漲幅縮窄至 30%,下半年進一步降溫)
在此背景下,業界開始尋求替代供應來源,台灣晶圓代工二哥聯電因擁有部分閒置產能,成為市場追捧的「記憶體概念股」。外界更傳出,已有亞洲客戶主動接洽聯電,探詢承接 SLC 與 MLC Flash 晶圓代工的可能性。
聯電 (2303) 股價今收 $76.90,五日漲幅 27.11%
隨著傳言迅速發酵,聯電股價在五個交易日內大漲超過 27%,然而聯電發言人並未對此做出回應。
聯電面臨「人才、技術、設備」三大缺口,業界坦言:短期無解
然而,多位業界人士私下向《DIGITIMES》坦言,聯電跨入 2D NAND 代工的前景,遠比市場想像中困難。
人才斷層:2D NAND 工程師人去樓空
首先,當年負責調校 2D NAND 製程設備的資深工程師,大多已退休或離職,留任者也已全數轉調至 3D NAND 量產崗位。目前各 NAND 大廠正全力衝刺 3D NAND 研發以搶攻 AI 伺服器市場,人力早已捉襟見肘,沒有餘裕再提供技術團隊支援 2D NAND 製程移轉。
技術能力:聯電記憶體開發能力嚴重落差
接著,聯電雖曾於多年前進行過記憶體相關研發,但核心技術方向早已偏離記憶體領域。重新切入不僅需要龐大資源投入,良率優化與製程調校能力的重建更需耗費相當時間。若聯電僅能提供產能而無法自行支撐客戶的製程開發,實際獲利貢獻將相當有限。
設備取得:舊世代設備幾乎無從取得
最後,各大廠在升級至 3D NAND 產線時,舊世代設備早已售出或拆除,二手市場幾乎無從尋覓,即便找得到設備,維護零件與技術人員同樣難以到位。鎧俠此前也曾公開表示,停產 2D NAND 並非因 AI 產能排擠,而是舊設備嚴重老化、維護成本過高等問題所致。
若聯電選擇採購全新設備重建產線,預估需耗時一至兩年,且良率重建過程充滿不確定性,投資回收風險相當高。
聯電調漲晶圓報價,下半年 8 吋產線最高調漲 15%
另外,聯電近期也正式向客戶及合作夥伴發出漲價通知,確認 2026 年下半年起調漲晶圓代工報價。公司表示,自 2026 年上半年起,通訊、工業、消費電子及 AI 相關等多元應用領域需求持續強勁,加上原材料、能源與物流成本全面上漲,調漲報價實有必要。
供應鏈業者透露,8 吋與 12 吋產品線均在這波調漲範圍內。以約 3.5 個月的生產週期推算,4 月份訂單將率先適用新價格:8 吋晶圓產線漲幅相對較高,約為 10 至 15%;12 吋產線 (包括 80nm、55nm、40nm 等製程) 漲幅則約 5 至 10%,並依客戶出貨量分級執行。
業界指出,這波漲價主要是為了彌補過去成熟製程降價所造成的獲利缺口,已簽訂長期合約 (LTA) 的 IC 客戶受影響較小,預計漲幅將逐步轉嫁至下游。
市場期待與現實落差,短期風險不容忽視
如今,聯電承接 2D NAND 代工的想法雖具前景,但人才斷層、技術落差與設備短缺三大障礙環環相扣,短期內恐怕宣告卡關。在供應缺口持續擴大、報價持續攀升的市場環境下,聯電股價的迅速飆漲,更多反映的是市場對題材的熱衷,而非基本面的改變。
鏈新聞提醒,投資人在跟進記憶體等波動較大的題材時,仍需審慎評估預期與現實之間的落差風險。
這篇文章 傳接記憶體代工,聯電股價五天漲三成!業界警告「三缺」瓶頸:短期恐卡關 最早出現於 鏈新聞 ABMedia。
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